| What is a modifier? আমরা আমাদের প্রত্যেকদিনের কথা বার্তায় বিভিন্ন ধরনের words বা parts of speech ব্যবহার করে থাকি। এর মধ্যে এমন কিছু শব্দ রয়েছে যা sentence-এর অন্যান্য শব্দ সম্পর্কে extra information দিয়ে থাকে, এই ধরনের words বা শব্দগুলোকে Modifier বলে। |  |
উদাহরণ দেখে নেই তাহলে বুঝতে আরো সহজ হবে-
- Shuvo always wears black t-shirts.
এখানে ‘t-shirt’-কে modify করা হয়েছে ‘black’ color দিয়ে।
- I only eat ripe mangoes.
একইভাবে এখানেও ‘mangoes’-কে ‘ripe’ দিয়ে modify করা হয়েছে।
| Parts of speech-এর দিক দিয়ে Modifiers সাধারণত ২ ধরনের হয়ে থাকে। Adjective modifier এবং Adverb modifier. |  |
নিচের চার্ট থেকে উদাহরণসহ সেগুলো সম্পর্কে জেনে নেই।
| Type | Definition | Examples |
| Adjective modifier | Adjective is a part of speech which works as a modifier that describes, quantifies or identifies a noun or pronoun. | Examples: The old person is poor but very honest. I adore the beauty of the flower. |
| Adverb modifier | Adverbs can modify the verb in a sentence mainly in three ways. It usually tells us about how any action takes place, where the action takes place and when the action takes place. | Examples: I scored poorly in my math test. We hardly talked over the phone. |
এই ২ প্রকার ছাড়াও placement বা স্থান অনুযায়ী modifier ২ ধরনের হয়ে থাকে। সেগুলো হলো: Pre-modifiers and post-modifiers.
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Pre-modifier: Pre-modifiers are the modifiers that modify the words that follow them in the sentence.
Examples:
- I know the shop owner who is very honest.
- He runs slowly.
Post-modifier: Post-modifiers are the modifiers which come after the words they modify.
Example:
- You are a good student indeed.
এদের আবার further কয়েকভাবে ভাগ করা যায়। চলো তাদের type-গুলো নিয়ে এবার জেনে নেই।
Types of pre-modifiers:
| Name | Definition | Examples |
| Adjective as pre-modifier | When an adjective is used before a word is called an adjective as a pre-modifier. | Examples: He is a good boy. She is an intelligent girl. |
| Adverb as pre-modifier | When an adverb is used before a word is called an adjective as a pre-modifier. | Examples: I have hardly visited there. Walk fast lest you will miss the train. |
| Noun as pre-modifier | When a noun is used before a noun, the first noun works as a pre-modifier. | Examples: We enjoyed the badminton match. |
| Demonstrative pronouns as pre modifiers | This, That, these, those and some etc. words are used in a sentence that works as a pre-modifiers. | Examples: This is my paper. Those ducks are white and beautiful. |
| Article | Article ‘a, an, the’ is use to indicate something that works as a pre-modifier. | Examples: I need an apple. The car is mine. |
| Present participles as pre modifiers | present sentence-এ verb+ing থাকলে, সেটা pre-modifier হিসেবে কাজ করে। | Examples: A barking dog seldom bites. |
| Past participles as pre modifiers | verb-এর past form sentence-এ adjective ও pre-modifier হিসেবে কাজ করে থাকে। | Examples: He bought a rotten tomato. |
| Quantifiers as pre modifier | A quantifier is a word that usually goes before a noun to express the quantity of the object, though it is also possible to use them without the noun. | Examples: I have ten apples. She has two bananas. |
| Possessive as pre-modifiers | ইংরেজি possessive word-গুলো যেমন: my, his, her, us, our, your etc. pre-modifier হিসেবে কাজ করে। | Examples: You can take my books. I heard that your uncle is sick. |
Types of post-modifiers:
| Types | Definition | Examples |
| Adjective as post modifier | A few adjectives are used as a post-modifier. | Example: I liked a car which was black. |
| Adverb as post modifiers | A few adverbs are used as a post-modifier | Examples: The questions above need to be solved. |
| Infinitive phrase as post modifiers | To + verb-এর present form-এর সাথে নতুন word add করে infinitive phrase বানানো হয়, যেগুলো post-modifier হিসেবে কাজ করে | Example: To go to the hospital, you need to leave home at 5pm. |
| Present participle phrase as post-modifiers | Present participle phrase sentence-এ present form-এ বসে post modifier noun-কে modify করে। | Example: The girl knocking at the door is known to me. |
| Past participle phrase as post-modifiers | Past participle phrase sentence-এ post modifier হিসেবে বসে noun-কে modify করে। | Example: The dress she wore was made by her mother. |
| Prepositional phrase as a post modifiers | Noun-এর পরে বসে prepositional phrase post modifiers হিসেবে কাজ করে। | Example: The Marine drive of Coxs Bazar is beautiful. |
উপরের আলোচনা থেকে আমরা এটাই বুঝলাম যে, যা কিছু কোনো noun বা pronoun-কে modify করে, সেটিই মূলত modifier যা শব্দের আগেও বসে এবং পরেও বসতে পারে। এভাবে চার্ট আকারে types-গুলো একসাথে পড়লে বুঝতে এবং মনে রাখতে আরো সহজ হবে। আশা করি আজকের পর modifiers নিয়ে আর কোন confusion থাকবে না।
